The Last Theory
The Last Theory
The Last Theory
    Newsletter #078    
2 January 2026
Think like an alien
with
Stephen Wolfram

One of the mind-bending implications of Stephen Wolfram’s concept of the ruliad is that different observers, from different regions of the ruliad, experience the universe in different ways.

I asked Stephen whether it might be possible to create a taxonomy of observers, detailing their disparate characteristics.

He tackled the question with reference to observers from cats, dogs and whales through humans to AIs and aliens, all the while acknowledging that it’s not easy to think like an alien.

Mark

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery founder of Open Web Mind

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